This 3-D model of the North and Central Mountains Community Plan area was generated by Jefferson County Mapping Department using the ARC/INFO GIS software running on an IBM RS/6000 computer. The view is to the northwest and shows northern Jefferson County as far as the western and northern boundaries.
The terrain model is based on an 80' contour database derived from the USGS 1:50,000 scale County Map. The contour plate was scanned and vectorized. Then the contour geometry was cleaned, attributed and loaded into the GIS. The roads and streets data are from the JCMD (Jefferson County Mapping Department) GEOCODE street center-line database, which was digitized from 1:4800 scale orthophotography. The water features are from the USGS 1:24,000 scale Digital Line Graph (DLG) for the Quads in the view area.
Elevations were interpolated from the contour map on a 500' grid. The surface is simulated by "draping" lines across the 500' grid. The surface lines are 500' apart, and appear to be closer in the distance because of the perspective projection of the model. All the other data layers were then draped over the model, and hidden lines were removed. The elevation has been exaggerated by a factor of 1.5.
* Existing Land Use residential categories are obtained by dividing the acreage by the total number of existing units.
Source: Modified information from Jefferson County Planning Department Land Use Inventory (LUI). LUI is a relational database created by the Jefferson County Planning Department containing existing and potential land use information for unincorporated Jefferson County. It is intended to be used to produce specific reports, maps for publication and perform queries upon demand to assist in the planning process and provide demographic information.
Map Base: Everything outside of the study area is indicated by grey shading, the darker grey is used to show cities. Water courses, such as bodies of water, and seasonal and nonseasonal drainages, are shown in blue.
*Agriculture zone districts are shown as residential densities.
Potential Land Use is based on current zone districts. See subdivision plats for exact densities of specific areas.
Source: Modified information from Jefferson County Planning Department Land Use Inventory (LUI). LUI is a relational database created by the Jefferson County Planning Department containing existing and potential land use information for unincorporated Jefferson County. It is intended to be used to produce specific reports, maps for publication and perform queries upon demand to assist in the planning process and provide demographic information.
Map Base: Everything outside of the study area is indicated by grey shading, the darker grey is used to show cities. Water courses, such as bodies of water, and seasonal and nonseasonal drainages, are shown in blue.
Effective October 1991, gambling in the Central City and Blackhawk area is projected to add 1,082 trips onto Golden Gate Canyon Road, and 7,615 trips onto U.S. 6 per day. Volumes shown on this map do not include the additional traffic from gambling.
The traffic volumes shown translate into Levels of Service (LOS). The Transportation section in the Appendix contains additional LOS information.
For more information about buildout calculations please see the Appendix.
W-470 Alignment, Western Alternative is current as of August 23, 1991 by W-470 Highway Authority.
Sources: Jefferson County Open Space ; North Mountains Community Plan; Jefferson County Highways & Transportation; Regional Transportation District; W-470 Highway Authority
Under standard and excellent site design, units can be transferred off 40+% slopes at a credit of 1 du/20 ac to be built on the 0-40 slope.
Excellent site design rating is achieved through conformance with applicable Mountain Site Design Criteria and Plan policies.
du = dwelling unit
Gross density: The number of dwelling units within the boundaries of a project, by slope category, divided by the number of acres.
Net density: The number of dwelling units within the boundaries of a residential project or residential portion of a project, by slope category, divided by the number of acres of the project, excluding area dedicated for roads, open space and other public facilities.
Lot size smaller than 1 du/10 ac should be subject to criteria in Water & Sanitation section. Minimum net lot size is 3.5 acres unless public water and sanitation is provided. Minimum gross density is 1 du/5 ac.
Critical wildlife habitat: No development, transfer the density (number of dwelling units) earned per slope category to another portion of site.
Geologic and Floodplain
Wildfire Hazard
Visual Resource Corridors
Note: Lands currently publicly owned which are transferred to private ownership and privately owned lands within the National Forest should be covered by the Plan's Housing policies.
Mountain Community Center: An area of the community where more intense land use occurs. A mountain community center may include retail, office, compatible light industrial, higher density housing, and cultural and recreational facilities. Typically 4,000 to 10,000 square feet GLA, but could go up to 25,000 square feet of GLA. Care should be taken in interpreting the maps in the Plan. The activity areas portrayed here are graphic representations of phenomena that are difficult to reduce to two dimensions. Animal distribution is fluid, animal populations are dynamic, and either may vary considerably from what is shown here.
Map Base: Everything outside of the study area is indicated by grey shading, the darker grey is used to show cities. Water courses, such as bodies of water, and seasonal and nonseasonal drainages, are shown in blue.
Sources: 1 - USGS Quad Maps. 2 - CAPP, Jefferson County Planning Department. 3 - Radioactive Mineral Occurrences of Colorado, Colorado Geological Survey. 4 - FEMA Flood Insurance Program, 1986 Maps. 5 - Mine Land Index Map, Jefferson County Planning Department. 6 - Jefferson County Geologic Hazard Overlay Zoning Maps
Floodplain Hazard Overlay Zone District: The Jefferson County Zoning Resolution references areas mapped as a Floodplain Hazard Overlay Zone District which can be reviewed at the Jefferson County Planning & Zoning Department.
Geologic Hazards Overlay Zone District: The Jefferson County Zoning Resolution references areas mapped as a Geologic Hazard Overlay Zone District which can be reviewed in the Jefferson County Planning & Zoning Department.
Uranium Occurrences: Jefferson County has been a major county for production of uranium in the state. The Schwartzwalder Mine, one of the major vein-type uranium mines in North America, has produced approximately 98 percent of all U3O8 in the County. As of May 1978, total production from the mine has been reported as 10,500,000 pounds of U3O8 (J. Haley, 1978, pers. comm.), which makes the Schwartzwalder the largest uranium producing mine in the state. Twelve other mines in the County have produced uranium, but only a small percentage compared to the Schwartzwalder's total production.
Different terrains characterize the geology of Jefferson County. The majority of the County is composed of Precambrian granites, gneisses, and schists of the Front Range, mainly the Idaho Springs formation and the Pikes Peak Granite, which are cut by many northwest/southeast-trending faults, fault zones, and/or breccia reef systems.
Mines occur where a fault or breccia zone transects the Precambrian Idaho Springs Formation. These mines, including Schwartzwalder, are all clustered along three northwest-trending faults or breccia reef systems within six miles of the fault system along the mountain front.
Source:This data was obtained from a C.G.S. survey (1978), Radioactive Mineral Occurrences of Colorado. Refer to the publication "Radioactive Mineral Occurrences of Colorado" for legal description and notes.
CAPP (Computer Assisted Planning Program) is a database created by the Jefferson County Planning Department. CAPP is organized and displayed as a grid, with each cell of the grid representing 10.3 acres of land. The database is utilized to store, retrieve, and analyze a vast amount of land use data, and contains approximately 200 categories of information, including vegetation and wildlife habitats, geological hazards, land use, etc.
Map Base: Everything outside of the study area is indicated by grey shading, the darker grey is used to show cities. Water courses, such as bodies of water, and seasonal and nonseasonal drainages, are shown in blue.
For more information please see the back of this map. For additional references please see the Hazards section in the Appendix.
Areas where the slopes are steep (generally greater than 30%), covered with colluvium (landslide material) or weathered rock outcrops, and generally pose the possibility of gravity or water eroding (moving) earth material.
Source: CAPP, Jefferson County Planning Department.
For additional references please see the Appendix.
Map Base: Everything outside of the study area is indicated by grey shading, the darker grey is used to show cities. Water courses, such as bodies of water, and seasonal and nonseasonal drainages, are shown in blue.
Source: CAPP, Jefferson County Planning Department. Please see the back of this map for more information. For additional references please see the Appendix.
Wildfire Hazard: The hazard presented by the uncontrollable burning of trees, bush and grass. The magnitude of this hazard is affected by vegetation density, slope, atmospheric conditions, and the presence of special terrain conditions such as saddles, gullies, or fire chimneys which cause a draft much like a fireplace flue. This hazard is rated as low, moderate, and high, and is defined as follows:
Low: A wildfire in these areas can be controlled by available fire fighting personnel and equipment. Little to no property damage is expected, and there is not a threat to human life. They are typified by light fuel loads on slopes less than 30%.
Moderate: A wildfire in these areas can be difficult to control by available fire fighting personnel and equipment. There is the potential for destruction of property, and human life is threatened. They are typified by moderate fuel loads on slopes less than 30%.
High: A wildfire in these areas is generally uncontrollable by available fire fighting equipment and personnel. Protection of property or lives cannot be provided. They are typified by heavy fuel loads, or areas with moderate or heavy fuel loads on steep slopes, greater than 30%, or the presence of special terrain conditions mentioned above.
These ratings define wildfire hazard by the expected fireline intensity calculated from the 1978 National Fire Danger Rating System employed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, U.S. Forest Service. Seven hazard levels are defined by fireline intensity. For policy application, the seven classes of hazard were aggregated into Low, Moderate and High.
The 1978 National Fire-Danger Rating System (NFDRS) was utilized to predict expected wildfire behavior under specific fuel and climate conditions. Two major steps are required to map wildfire hazards with the available data. First it was necessary to calculate the expected wildfire behavior utilizing the fuel models provided in the NFDRS. Second, it was necessary to correlate county vegetation to fuel types, and county slope classes to those slope classes employed by the NFDRS.
CAPP (Computer Assisted Planning Program) is a database created by the Jefferson County Planning Department. CAPP is organized and displayed as a grid, with each cell of the grid representing 10.3 acres of land. The database is utilized to store, retrieve, and analyze a vast amount of land use data, and contains approximately 200 categories of information, including vegetation and wildlife habitats, geological hazards, land use, etc.
Map Base: Everything outside of the study area is indicated by grey shading, the darker grey is used to show cities. Water courses, such as bodies of water, and seasonal and nonseasonal drainages, are shown in blue.
Source: Jefferson County Planning Department.
Source: CAPP, Jefferson County Planning Department.
The vegetation map was generated by the interpretation of aerial photographs. The units mapped were adapted from those used by Reed and Keith (1972). These units were based on the structure of the vegetation rather than on its floristic composition as is frequently done.
Vegetation boundaries were drawn on the topographic quadrangles of the area (scale 1":2000') by freehand. This was the most accurate and rapid method available. Freehand transfer is a precise enough method in the study area because the rugged topography and many cultural features allow accurate locations of boundaries.
Because of the time and expense involved the vegetation map has not been checked in the field. Field work could resolve any questions of accuracy in the vegetation map. These units are based on the structure of the vegetation, primarily those characters which are apparent from aerial photographs. These characteristics include the amount of tree canopy cover and the amount of brush cover.
The emphasis in the past has been on mapping vegetation on the basis of species of the dominant plants.
In the study area, structural units correlate roughly with floristic units (numerical groupings of plants) so that some general statements are possible about the species composition. Furthermore, many ecological processes and features correlate better with the structure of the vegetation than with the particular dominant species.
The value of the structural classification is that ecological and some landscape processes correlate better with it than with other classifications. This is frequently the aspect of interest to planning.
Dense coniferous forest: This type of forest consists of areas with more than 75% tree canopy coverage, with variable shrub cover from none to sparse. The principle tree species are Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga Menziesii), ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa), and occasionally lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta).
Open-to-scattered coniferous forest: This type of forest consists of areas with 5% to 75% tree cover and variable amounts of shrub cover. The principle tree species is ponderosa pine, occasionally with Douglas fir and red cedar (Juniperus virginiana). The main shrubs include mountain mahogany (Cercocarpus montanus), wild current (Ribes cereum), skunk brush (Rhus trilobata), and scrub oak (Quercus ilicifolia). The ground cover is mainly grasses.
Mixed coniferous and deciduous forest: This type of forest consists of a variable mixture of aspen, ponderosa pine, Douglas fir and lodgepole pine, having a tree cover of 25% to 75%. Shrubs are sparse or absent.
Deciduous forest: This type of forest consists of tree cover of greater than 75% of aspen (Populus tremuloides), with shrubs sparse or absent. This ground cover is chiefly forbs and grasses.
Shrubs, grasslands and meadows: This vegetation type consists of little tree cover (less than 5%) of red cedar and ponderosa pine and variable amounts of shrub cover. Principle species of shrubs include mountain mahogany, skunk brush, and scrub oak.
There are four major kinds of grassland or meadows. On well-drained soils in the uplands, the principle species are mountain muhly grass (Muhlenbergia montana), blue grama grass (Bouteloua gracilis) and needle-and-thread grass (Stipa comata). On moist valley bottom sites, wild-rye (Elymus canadensis), western wheatgrass (Agropyron smithii), Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis), and June grass (Koeleria cristata) are the chief species. On the piedmonts and hogback valleys, the principle species are wheatgrass, buffalo-grass (Buchloe dactyloides), and prickly pear cactus (Opuntia compressa).
The fourth kind of grassland is found on the flat to rolling lands on the western part of the plains area where development has not yet occurred. Virtually all of this grassland has either been overgrazed or cultivated during the last 100 years. Recovery of native vegetation is slow and most of the present vegetation consists of disturbance or successional communities. These range from modified short-grass prairie to overgrazed prairie dominated by cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) with yucca (Yucca glauca). Distinctions between farm and cropland and this grassland unit are sometimes unclear, particularly in the case of hay meadows and abandoned cropland. Shrub areas may be locally important for wildlife by providing food, cover, and perching areas for species not found in the surrounding grassland.
Agricultural lands and well-vegetated residential areas: Agricultural lands include cultivated areas, identifiable hay meadows, and the disturbed areas around farms. Some areas which had not recently been used, or had lain fallow, may have been overlooked. Farmsteads and their associated barnyards, outbuildings, barns, dirt roads, and isolated houses have also been mapped in this unit.
Well-vegetated residential areas consist of residential areas with large, well-developed trees. These residential areas appear to be associated with the older sections of the urban area. As these areas are older, planted vegetation has had more time to develop. This unit is intermediate in its ecological value between the newer residential areas and the parks and open space unit. Shade trees, ornamental shrubs, gardens and lawns are more abundant and luxuriant in this unit than in developed areas and provide food and cover for arborial wildlife species.
CAPP (Computer Assisted Planning Program) is a database created by the Jefferson County Planning Department. CAPP is organized and displayed as a grid, with each cell of the grid representing 10.3 acres of land. The database is utilized to store, retrieve, and analyze a vast amount of land use data, and contains approximately 200 categories of information, including vegetation and wildlife habitats, geological hazards, land use, etc. In 1977, the Fish and Wildlife Service began the National Wetlands Inventory (NWI), a systematic effort to classify and map America's remaining wetlands.
Map Base: Everything outside of the study area is indicated by grey shading, the darker grey is used to show cities. Water courses, such as bodies of water, and seasonal and nonseasonal drainages, are shown in blue.
Public lands may have uses other than open space or recreation. See plan recommendations. For additional references please see the Appendix.
Sources: Jefferson County Open Space, Clear Creek Land Conservancy.
Map Base: Everything outside of the study area is indicated by grey shading, the darker grey is used to show cities. Water courses, such as bodies of water, and seasonal and nonseasonal drainages, are shown in blue.
| Ecological System | Subsystem | Class |
| P - Palustrine | (No subsystem) | FL - Flat EM - Emergent SS - Scrub/Shrub FO - Forested OW - Open Water/ Unknown Bottom |
| R - Riverine | 3 - Upper Perennial 4 - Intermittent |
SB - Streambed OW - Open Water/ Unknown Bottom |
| L - Lacustrine | 1 - Limnetic | OW - Open Water/ Unknown Bottom |
Water Regime Modifiers
In order to more adequately describe wetland and aquatic habitats one or more of the water regime modifiers may be applied at the class or lower level in the hierarchy.
C Seasonal
F Semipermanent
K Artificial
Z Intermittently Exposed/Permanent
W Intermittently Flooded/Temporary
Y Saturated/Semipermanent/Seasonal
Some areas designated R4SB, R4SBW, or R4SBJ (intermittent streams) may not meet the definition of wetlands.
Source: USGS, June 1975, National Wetlands Inventory. Federal, State and local regulatory agencies with jurisdiction over wetlands may define and describe wetlands in a different manner than that used by U.S. Fish & Wildlife in this inventory. There is no attempt, in either the design or products of this inventory, to define the limits of proprietary jurisdiction of any Federal, State or local government or to establish the geographical scope of the regulatory programs of government agencies.
In 1977, the Fish and Wildlife Service began the National Wetlands Inventory (NWI), a systematic effort to classify and map America's remaining wetlands.
The NWI describes wetlands according to the "Classification of Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats of the United States", a classification system published by the Fish and Wildlife Service that describes wetlands by soils, hydrology, and vegetation according to the following wetlands definition.
Wetlands: are lands transitional between terrestrial and aquatic systems where the water table is usually at or near the surface or the land is covered by shallow water. For purposes of this classification, wetlands must have one or more of the following three attributes: (1) at least periodically, the land supports predominately hydrophytes, (2) the substrate is predominately undrained hydric soil, and (3) the substrate is saturated with water or covered by shallow water at some time during the growing season of each year.
Since plants and soils furnish a record of the hydrology of a site, they form the basis of the hierarchical classification scheme which divides wetlands into five major systems: marine, estuarine, riverine, lacustrine and palustrine.
Working with the classification guide and color-infrared aerial photographs, biologists are able to map wetlands as small as 1/10 of an acre.
Riverine System: The Riverine System includes all wetlands and deepwater habitats contained within a channel, with one exception: wetlands dominated by trees, shrubs, persistent emergents, emergent mosses, or lichens. A channel is "an open conduit either naturally or artificially created which periodically or continuously contains moving water, or which forms a connecting link between two bodies of standing water" (Langbein and Iseri 1960:5).
The Riverine System is divided into two Subsystems: the Upper Perennial and the Intermittent. Each is defined in terms of water permanence, gradient, water velocity, substrate, and the extent of floodplain development.
Upper Perennial: The gradient is high and velocity of the water fast. There is no tidal influence and some water flows throughout the year. The substrate consists of rock, cobbles, or gravel with occasional patches of sand. The natural dissolved oxygen concentration is normally near saturation. The fauna is characteristic of running water, and there are few or no planktonic forms. The gradient is high and there is very little floodplain development.
Intermittent: In this Subsystem, the channel contains flowing water for only part of the year. When the water is not flowing, it may remain in isolated pools or surface water may be absent.
Lacustrine System: The Lacustrine System includes wetlands and deepwater habitats with all of the following characteristics: (1) situated in a topographic depression or a dammed river channel; (2) lacking trees, shrubs, persistent emergents, emergent mosses or lichens with greater than 30% areal coverage; and (3) total area exceeds 8 ha (20 acres). Similar wetland and deepwater habitats totaling less than 8 ha are also included in the Lacustrine System if an active wave-formed or bedrock shoreline feature makes up all or part of the boundary, or if the water depth in the deepest part of the basin exceeds 2 m (6.6 feet) at low water.
Limnetic Subsystem: Deepwater habitats.
Palustrine System: The Palustrine System includes all nontidal wetlands dominated by trees, shrubs, persistent emergents, emergent mosses or lichens. It also includes wetlands lacking such vegetation, but with all of the following characteristics: (1) area less than 8 ha (20 acres); and (2) water depth in the deepest part of basin less than 2 m at low water.
Class: Class is the highest taxonomic unit below the Subsystem level. It describes the general appearance of the habitat in terms of either the dominant life form of the vegetation or the physiography and composition of the substrate features that can be recognized without the aid of detailed environmental measurements.
Streambed (SB): Streambeds vary greatly in substrate and form depending on the gradient of the channel, the velocity of the water, and the sediment load. In most cases streambeds are not vegetated because of the scouring effect of moving water, but they may be colonized by "pioneering" annuals or perennials during periods of low flow or they may have perennial emergents and shrubs that are too scattered to qualify the area for classification as Emergent Wetland or Scrub-Shrub Wetland.
Emergent (EM): The Emergent Wetland Class is characterized by erect, rooted, herbaceous hydrophytes, excluding mosses and lichens. This vegetation is present for most of the growing season in most years. These wetlands are usually dominated by perennial plants. In areas with relatively stable climatic conditions, Emergent Wetlands maintain the same appearance year after year. Emergent Wetlands are known by many names, including marsh, meadow, fen, prairie pothole, and slough.
Scrub-Shrub (SS): The Class Scrub-Shrub Wetland includes areas dominated by woody vegetation less than 6 m (20 feet) tall. The species include true shrubs, young trees, and trees or shrubs that are small or stunted because of environmental conditions. Scrub-Shrub Wetlands may represent a successional stage leading to Forested Wetland, or they may be relatively stable communities.
Forested (FO): The Class Forested Wetland is characterized by woody vegetation that is 6m tall or taller. All water regimes are included except subtidal.
Water Regime Modifiers: Precise description of hydrologic characteristics requires detailed knowledge of the duration and timing of surface inundation, both yearly and long-term, as well as an understanding of groundwater fluctuations.
Water regimes are defined in terms of the growing season, which we equate to the frost-free period (see the U.S. Department of Interior National Atlas 1970:110-111 for generalized regional delineation). The rest of the year is defined as the dormant season, a time when even extended periods of flooding may have little influence on the development of plant communities.
Intermittently Exposed/Permanent (Z): Surface water is present throughout the year except in years of extreme drought.
Semipermanent (F): Surface water persists throughout the growing season in most years. When surface water is absent, the water table is usually at or very near the land surface.
Seasonal (C): Surface water is present for extended periods especially early in the growing season, but is absent by the end of the season in most years. When surface water is absent, the water table is often near the land surface.
Saturated/Semipermanent/Seasonal (Y): The substrate is saturated to the surface for extended periods during the growing season, but surface water is seldom present.
Intermittently Flooded/Temporary (W): The substrate is usually exposed, but surface water is present for variable periods without detectable seasonal periodicity. Weeks, months, or even years may intervene between periods of inundation. The dominant plant communities under this regime may change as soil moisture conditions change. Some areas exhibiting this regime do not fall within our definition of wetland because they do not have hydric soils or support hydrophytes.
Artificial (K): The amount and duration of flooding is controlled by means of pumps or siphons in combination with dikes or dams. The vegetation growing on these areas cannot be considered a reliable indicator of water regime. Examples of artificially flooded wetlands are some agricultural lands managed under a rice-soybean rotation, and wildlife management areas where forests, crops, or pioneer plants may be flooded or dewatered to attract wetland wildlife. Neither wetlands within or resulting from leakage from man-made impoundments, nor irrigated pasture lands supplied by diversion ditches or artesian wells, are included under this modifier.
Map Base: Everything outside of the study area is indicated by grey shading, the darker grey is used to show cities. Water courses, such as bodies of water, and seasonal and nonseasonal drainages, are shown in blue.
Roads: Ancestral paths or toll roads of which portions may still exist.
Railroads: Places where some evidence of the historic rail bed exists today.
Sites by designation or other points of interest: The location of a significant event, a prehistoric or historic occupation or activity, or a building or structure, whether standing, ruined, or vanished, where the location itself possesses historic, cultural or archaeological value.
Sources: North Mountains Community Advisory Group, Jefferson County Historical Commission; Historic Trail Map of the Greater Denver Area, Colorado, 1976 by Glenn R. Scott, U.S.G.S., Map I-856-G
For additional references please see the Appendix.
Map Base: Everything outside of the study area is indicated by grey shading, the darker grey is used to show cities. Water courses, such as bodies of water, and seasonal and nonseasonal drainages, are shown in blue.
District boundary lines accurate as of date of original publication. For additional references please see the Appendix.
Sources: Overhead electric transmission lines: United Power and Public Service. High pressure natural gas feeder lines: Public Service
Map Base: Everything outside of the study area is indicated by grey shading, the darker grey is used to show cities. Water courses, such as bodies of water, and seasonal and nonseasonal drainages, are shown in blue.
Shaded area indicates Visual Resource Corridor: The foreground of a visual resource corridor is the area that is usually 1/4 to 1/2 mile from either side of the centerline of the road, that is visible from the road at normal travelling speeds. Areas beyond 1/2 mile were included and shown on the Visual Resource Map if they were part of a significant vista seen for an extended time, or to complete a feature that was partially included, e.g., a mountaintop.
Major landforms: Significant peaks and rock outcrops.
Source: Jefferson County Planning Department\
Care should be taken in interpreting the maps in the Plan. The activity areas portrayed here are graphic representations of phenomena that are difficult to reduce to two dimensions. Animal distribution is fluid, animal populations are dynamic, and either may vary considerably from what is shown here.
Deer are considered to inhabit the entire Central Region (Division of Wildlife), therefore no areas are indicated as not being deer habitat on the map. Obviously, intensely developed urban areas are not considered to be deer habitat, although stream corridors through such areas may be used by deer. The Division of Wildlife has not attempted to delineate urbanized areas as "out" because of the impossibility of keeping that information up to date.
Winter Range: That part of the home range of a species where 90 percent of the individual animals are located during a site-specific period of winter during the average five winters out of ten.
Winter Concentration Area: That part of deer winter range where densities are significantly greater than the surrounding winter range density during the same period used to define winter range in the average five winters out of ten.
Severe Winter Range: That part of deer winter range where 90 percent of the individuals are located when the annual snowpack is at its maximum in the two worst winters out of ten.
Highway Crossings: An area within the home range of deer defined by more than six highway mortalities per mile of highway or railroad per year.
Migratory Corridors: A specific mappable site through which large numbers of deer migrate and loss of which would change migration routes.
Migratory Paths: A subjective indication of the general direction of the fall movements of migratory deer herds. Represented by arrows on the maps.
Resident Population Areas: Areas with distinct populations of deer that fulfill all biological functions within the area identified. Individuals could be found in any part of the area at any time of the year.
Map Base: Everything outside of the study area is indicated by grey shading, the darker grey is used to show cities. Water courses, such as bodies of water, and seasonal and nonseasonal drainages, are shown in blue.
For additional references please see the Appendix. Information current as of January 1991, Colorado Division of Wildlife.
Care should be taken in interpreting the maps in the Plan. The activity areas portrayed here are graphic representations of phenomena that are difficult to reduce to two dimensions. Animal distribution is fluid, animal populations are dynamic, and either may vary considerably from what is shown here.
Overall Distribution: That part of the mapped area which would normally be considered to be elk habitat during some portion of the year. Elk may occasionally be found outside of this area.
Winter Range: That part of the home range of a species where 90 percent of the individuals are located during a site-specific period of winter during the average five winters out of ten.
Winter Concentration Area: That part of elk winter range where densities are significantly greater than the surrounding winter range density during the same period used to define winter range in the average five winters out of ten.
Severe Winter Range: That part of elk winter range where 90 percent of the individuals are located when the annual snowpack is at its maximum in the two worst winters out of ten.
Highway Crossings: An area within the home range of elk defined by more than six highway mortalities per mile of highway or railroad per year.
Migratory Corridors: A specific mappable site through which large numbers of elk migrate and loss of which would change migration routes.
Concentration Area: This modifier can be applied to any other mapped category and indicates that the elk population in the concentration area is significantly higher than in surrounding areas.
Reproduction Area: Also called "calving areas". That part of the elk home range occupied by the females during a specific period of spring. This period is May 15 to June 15 for elk (only known areas are mapped and this does not include all reproduction areas).
Resident Population Areas: Areas with distinct elk populations that fulfill all biological functions within the area identified. Individuals could be found in any part of the area at any time of the year.
Map Base: Everything outside of the study area is indicated by grey shading, the darker grey is used to show cities. Water courses, such as bodies of water, and seasonal and nonseasonal drainages, are shown in blue.
For additional references please see the Appendix. Information current as of January 1991, Colorado Division of Wildlife.
Golden Eagle nests: currently nesting or have nested in the past. Golden Eagles are protected nongame birds. Their nests are protected under Federal law. Information about Peregrine Falcons (endangered species) in this area is available from the Colorado Division of Wildlife. For additional references please see the Appendix. Information current as of January 1991, Colorado Division of Wildlife.
Care should be taken in interpreting the maps in the Plan. The activity areas portrayed here are graphic representations of phenomena that are difficult to reduce to two dimensions. Animal distribution is fluid, animal populations are dynamic, and either may vary considerably from what is shown here.
Overall Distribution: That part of the mapped area which would normally be considered to be that animal's habitat during some portion of the year. These animals may occasionally be found outside of this area.
Map Base: Everything outside of the study area is indicated by grey shading, the darker grey is used to show cities. Water courses, such as bodies of water, and seasonal and nonseasonal drainages, are shown in blue.